Architecture & Building

Architecture & Building

The differences between commercial and residential

11th March 20220

The main differences between commercial and residential –

A commercial building is a building that is used for commercial use and not used as a residence. Such as, 

  •  Firstly, industrial facilities 
  • warehouses 
  • business establishments.  
  • Land investments  
  • Office buildings 
  • Storage units 

Whereas, residential construction is where living accommodation is built. For example,  

  • apartments 
  • Flat 
  • Detached homes 
  • Condominiums  
  • Townhouses  
  • Finally, housing cooperatives  

The differences of Building materials –  

Every building design calls for different building materials. This means that each project will require a unique set of materials in terms of quality and quantity.  

The materials used for residential properties can differ majorly compared to those used on commercial property. Most homes are made of timber frame construction since it is considered more affordable and can be structurally strong. However, most commercial buildings require steel and other complex building materials.  

The differencess in Cost –  

The costs for residential and commercial development vary massively. The cost differences are not only from the materials but also costs related to overhead, labour, and equipment.  

Funding for commercial and residential construction is completed using different protocols. 

People pay for commercial construction by:

  • A corporation with bank financing 
  • A government agency  
  • A wealthy owner or developer 

Whereas, some people pay for residential construction by::  

  • Bank loans  
  • Insurance loan 
  • Cash  
  • Government agency/ non-profit 

Codes and permitting –  

In addition, both commercial and residential properties require permits and building codes. The regulations in commercial property construction are greater and are generally stricter than residential construction.  

Commercial construction projects have pre-set guidelines regarding the materials used. The laws are enacted to ensure that the following aspects of the structures are addressed. 

  • Firstly, electrical systems  
  • Plumbing  
  • Construction materials  
  • Size 
  • Design 
  • Techniques for construction 

Following these requirements until the end will benefit the project in the long run. Safety is important for both residential and commercial structures.

Image: https://spiveyarchitects.com/

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Architecture & Building

The different types of building foundations

1st March 20220

What is a building foundation? 

Building foundations are one of the most critical elements of any project. A foundation refers to the lowest load-bearing part of a building, typically below ground level. So, it is very important that you choose the right foundation for your construction.  

Here are the different types of foundations –  

Shallow –  

  • Firstly, individual footing or isolated footing 
  • Combined footing 
  • Strip foundation  
  • Raft or mat foundation  

Deep –  

  • Pile foundation  
  • Finally, drilled shafts or caissons  

Individual footing or isolated footing – 

Firstly, an isolated footing is one of the most used types of foundation. In order to carry and spread concentrated loads, for example, columns or pillars. Spread footings are unsuitable for the bearing of widespread loads.  

Combined footing – 

So, combined footings are constructed of two or more columns. They are close to each other and their foundations overlap. A combined footing used when it’s necessary, such as:  

When two columns are close together, causing overlap of adjacent isolated footings.  

Where soil bearing capacity is low, causing overlap of adjacent isolated footings.  

The proximity of building line or existing building or sewer, adjacent to a building column.  

updated construction news | civil engineering news

Strip foundation –  

Strip foundations consist of a continuous strip of concrete formed centrally under loadbearing walls. In addition, the wider the base of this foundation type spreads the weight over a wider area and provides better stability. They are also used to accommodate a row of closely-spaced columns. They are used for load-bearing walls. Including footings for extensions, conservatories, and house foundations.  

Does my house need foundations? - Mega Prefab

Raft or mat foundation –  

A raft or mat foundation is a large continuous rectangular or circular concrete slab. So, it carries the entire load of the superstructure and spreads it over the whole area beneath the building. A raft foundation is used when soil is weak. As it distributes the weight of the building over the entire area. In addition, they can be fast and inexpensive to construct.

Pile foundation –  

A pile foundation is a series of columns constructed or inserted into the ground. To transmit loads to a lower level of subsoil. In addition, it is needed in areas where the structures are large and heavy and the soil underlying is weak.

How to Construct a Bored Pile Foundation? - The Constructor

 

Drilled shafts or caissons –  

Finally, drilled shafts, also known as caissons, are deep foundation solutions used to support structures with large axial and lateral loads. By excavating cylindrical shafts into the ground and filling them with concrete.  

Drilled shafts | Keller North America

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Architecture & Building

How to add roof a overhang

28th February 20220

A roof overhang also known as eaves protects the building under it from rain and weather. The overhanging edge of the roof also gives extra shade to the windows, preventing glare and heat from entering the home. Adding an overhang isn’t a very difficult job. However, blending the new overhang into the existing roof requires some expertise.  

Accessing the roof –  

Firstly, start by taking off the existing fascia and any other trim that covers the rafter tails. Once the rafter tails and top of the wall plate are exposed, you should be able to see into the loft.  

Extending the rafters –  

Secondly, cut the rafter extensions three times the length of the overhang you want to add. Then, position the rafter extension against the existing rafter. Make sure that two-thirds of their length overlap’s the rafters, defining the overhang. You should nail an extension to each rafter spaced 6 to 8 inches apart. The overhang should be 2 feet or less to ensure it would be stable.  

Installing fascia’s and soffits –  

Once the new overhang is on you can then start the fascia and soffit installation. Attach a new two-by-four sub-fascia board along the ends of the new rafter tails. The fascia board is nailed it the rafter and usually has a lip for the soffit boards to slot into. To build a soffit, attach a two by four nailer board to the wall of the building, making it level with the bottom of the fascia.  

Adding the roof to the overhang –  

Once the overhangs are framed, you need to cover the rafter extensions with a fresh layer of plywood sheathing. The best way to integrate the new overhang into the roof is to remove the underlay and shingles from the entire roof and put new ones on. If you use new shingles, the new overhangs will disappear into the roof. If you don’t want to reroof, then you’ll have to settle for a less than perfect blend. Your biggest problem may be finding roof shingles to match the ones on your house.   

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Architecture & Building, Interior Design

The basic need to knows of removing a load-bearing wall

9th February 20220

Open plan designs are becoming very popular for homes and homeowners. Although, knocking down a wall can be more complicated than you think. Carry on reading to find out what you need to know about removing a load-bearing wall.  

What is a load-bearing wall?  

A load-bearing wall is a wall that is an active structural element of a building, which holds the weight of the elements above it, by conducting its weight to a foundation structure below it. Whereas, Non-load bearing walls, also called partition walls, don’t support loads from above and are simply there to divide spaces.  

How to check if a wall is a load-bearing?  

The easiest way to check if a wall is load-bearing is by knocking on walls. If the walls have a hollow sound that means it’s not a load-bearing wall. Whereas, if there is a hard thud it could be load-bearing. Although, the best way to check is to have a consultant visit your home and do a thorough check.  

You remove them yourself?  

While the majority of homeowners choose to hire a contractor because this project can be quite difficult, however, permitting authorities will allow you to do the work yourself. DIY homeowners must follow the local building requirements and pass inspections just like a builder would.  

However, it is recommended to hire a structural engineer. This is because they will inspect the house, calculate the size of the beams and posts you will need, and determine whether you’ll need to add supports.  

Do you need planning permission and building regulations?  

Unless your property is a listed building, you won’t need planning permission to remove any interior walls. However, if you’re removing a load-bearing wall, you will need building regulation approval from a qualified inspector.  

Usually, the removal of a load-bearing can be completed with a building notice. Although, the inspector may tell you to hire a structural engineer who can specify an appropriate beam or lintel before they grant approval.  

How much does it cost to remove?  

The most commonly removed walls are those between the kitchen, dining room, and living room. On average, the prices range from £1,250 to £1,750 to remove the wall and £800 – £950 to install structural supports. 

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Advice Center, Architecture & Building

The difference between an architect and an architectural technologist

4th February 20220

Here at Pro Arkitects we have in-house design technologists that work on all of our amazing designs and projects. In this blog, it will explain the differences between an architect and an architectural technologist.  

Architect – 

What does the title architect mean?  

Firstly, an architect is a qualified professional obliged to conduct their services under the rules of a code of conduct. The title architect is protected by the architect’s registration board (ARB). 

How to become an architect?  

To call yourself an architect you must pass the standards set by the ARB, by completing parts 1,2, & 3 of the educational programs. Typically, depending on the curriculum and length of the program you choose to enroll in, the school can take anywhere from 5 to 7 years. During this time, the students will be following a combination of theoretical and practical training. Some architects also subscribe each year to be a member of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA).  

In addition, architects can offer you full services. Including the detailed construction drawings and specifications. As well as, the construction phase with particular skills in administrating construction contracts.  

Architectural technologists – 

What does the title architectural technologist mean? 

The architectural technologist provides technical building design services. Technologists also have a professional title which is, Charted Institute of Architectural Technologists (CIAT). CIAT has a similar code of conduct for its members as the ARB. Most technologists have studied a three-year degree approved by CIAT.  

Becoming architectural technologist –  

A technologist is trained less intensively compared to an architect. They will most likely have a degree at best. However, this doesn’t mean that the technologist can’t design buildings.

What do the technologists do?  

The architectural technologists do the following:  

  • Firstly, create drawings and models  
  • Make sure the designs meet building regulations 
  • Prepare contracts and documents 
  • Also prepare cost estimates and instructions for builders 
  • They also work in a similar role to civil engineers.  

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Architecture & Building

The advanced Leica 3D scanner in architecture

2nd February 20220

Here at Pro Arkitects we are using a state-of-the-art 3D Lazer scanner, to get the technical measurements of your property. If you are interested and want to find out more about the scanner and what it does, read on.     

What is a Leica 3D scanner?  

Leica 3D laser scanning software suite sets the industry standard to capture, visualise, extract, analyse, share, and represent point cloud data. They deliver outstanding range, speed, and the highest quality of 3D data.  

What is 3D scanning?   

3D scanning is used widely in architecture and construction. It is a highly accurate method to capture the details of an existing building or construction site. Laser scanning can help designers visualize their designs by using real building data as a foundation. 

How does 3D scanning work? 

Specialised software drives the laser probe above the surface of the object. The laser probe projects a line of laser light, onto the surface while 2 sensor cameras record the changing distance and shape as it sweeps along the object.  

At pro arkitects we want to provide the best service that we can, and we achieve this by using the Leica scanner. Our drawings have become so much more detailed because the scanner captures accurate measurements and scans.  

Pros and cons of 3D scanning –   

Pros –   

  • Between 1 and 2 million points of measurable data is collected per second.   
  • It takes a fraction of the time compared to measuring by hand.   
  • You will get the drawings quicker.   
  • Helps design teams to save money.   
  • Increases professionalism of your project.  
  • Gives architects confidence in their work.  

Cons –   

  • The laser scanner is very expensive   
  • Errors could happen while the scanner is scanning   

How much does a Leica scanner cost? 

Laser scanners can be quite expensive. However, the level of detail and advanced technology they use. There are plenty of great entry-level options for a couple of thousands of pounds. Although, the mid-range 3D scanners tend to cost between £7,400 – £29,500. The very high-end scanners can reach up and over £737,000. 

Architecture & Building, Materials

All there is to know about Cross-laminated timber (CLT)

1st February 20220

What is CLT? 

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a wood panel product, made from gluing together layers of solid-sawn lumber. They’re usually stacked crosswise at a 90-degree angle and glued into place. Using an odd number of layers is most common.  

Advantages and disadvantages of using CLT 

Advantages –  

  • Eco-friendly.  

Cross-laminated timber is a renewable, green, and sustainable material.

  • Prefabrication.  

Floors or walls made from CLT can be manufactured before reaching the job site. Which decreases lead times and could potentially lower overall construction costs.  

  • Thermal insulation.  

Being made out of multiple layers of wood, the thermal insulation of CLT can be high depending on the thickness of the panel.  

  • CLT is a light building material  

Foundations don’t need to be as large and the machinery required on-site are smaller than those needed to lift heavier materials.  

Disadvantages –  

  • Higher production costs. 

The production of CLT panels requires a large amount of wood and other materials compared to stud walls. 

  • Flammability.  

Wood is very flammable, unlike other building materials such as steel.   

  • Limited track record.  

Cross-laminated timber is relatively new material. So, a large amount of research has been done on Cross-laminated timber. However, it takes time to integrate new practices.  

How much does cross-laminated timber cost?  

In addition, the cost of cross-laminated timber is usually around £30 per metre square. Or on the high end of the price spectrum, you can expect it to cost about £50 per meter square.  

The cost of materials and labour may be lower than the traditional steel or concrete. Cross-laminated timber also reduces the carbon footprint of buildings.  

It is durable?  

The CLT product has a life span of 60 years and there are occupied timber buildings in Europe that are over 700 years old. The key factor in the longevity of a timber structure is the management of moisture during the design stage.

 

Cross-Laminated Timber MM crosslam - MM Holz

Architecture & Building, Materials

Get to know the pros and cons of Insulated concrete formwork (ICF)

31st January 20220

If you’re looking for a quick structural system with impressive energy performance. Then insulated concrete framework could be a great choice for your build project.  

What is ICF? 

ICF is based on hollow blocks or sheet components, usually made from expanded polystyrene, fastened together with metal or plastic connectors. The panels or blocks feature an interlocking profile, so they can be stacked without bonding materials. Concrete is then poured inside to make the structure secure.

Is ICF energy efficient?  

Once the pour is complete, the ICF remains in place to provide a robust layer of thermal insulation. ICF structures also offer very good airtightness, as the concrete pour and insulating formwork combine to create a highly sealed house shell. In addition, the different thicknesses of ICF blocks, with varying insulation depths, are available to help you achieve your target thermal performance.  

Pros and cons of Insulated concrete formwork –  

Pros  

  • Speed of build  

The construction is simple and not labour-intensive. Insulated concrete formwork blocks are very similar to Lego blocks in the way they interlock and stack together.  

  • Durability 

ICF buildings are incredibly structurally sound due to the concrete and steel reinforcement that is incorporated into the walls. The buildings are known to be disaster-proof. 

  • Reduced energy bills  

They are incredibly energy efficient and can easily achieve an A rating. This level of efficiency means less energy is required to heat the home, which reduces the energy bill. Owners that have Insulated concrete formwork buildings have experienced as much as a 60% reduction in their energy bills.  

  • Peace and quite  

The blocks used in construction create thick and solid walls, which noise cannot penetrate. If noise is an issue in your area, or you live in a city but want peacefulness then, ICF maybe your best solution.  

Cons  

  • The walls can be very thick. This can cause limited space in some areas, particularly cities.  

Cost of ICF –  

In addition, depending on the job, the formwork can be inexpensive or expensive. Most Insulated concrete formwork systems on sale cost between £25 and £35 meters squared.  

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Architecture & Building

Councils in Kent, punished for not hitting their housebuilding targets

31st January 20220

Medway, Canterbury, Tonbridge & Malling, Sevenoaks, and Gravesham have all been sanctioned for hitting less than 75% of their housing targets, over the past few years. If you live in these areas, you may want to propose a new housing project, because they’re more likely to be given the go-ahead. Or, the planning inspector will be more generous with their decision, so they can meet the target.  

Housebuilding targets –  

Between 2018 and 2021 Ashford and Maidstone’s councils are at the top of the housebuilding list. They both exceeded the target and build many homes, for example:  

Maidstone – Target: 2,279, Built: 3,878, Percent: 170% 

Ashford – Target: 2,292, Built: 2,715, Percent: 118% 

And the councils at the bottom of the list that was way under the target, and are now facing repercussions are:  

Medway – Target: 4,332, Built: 2,895, Percent: 67% 

Canterbury – Target: 2,323, Built: 1,509, Percent: 65% 

Tonbridge & Malling – Target: 2,189, Built: 1,369, Percent: 63% 

Sevenoaks – Target: 1,828, Built: 1,130, Percent: 62% 

Gravesham – Target: 1,154, Built: 661, Percent: 57% 

What happens when you don’t hit the targets?  

In addition, by not hitting the target, the councils’ local plans, that control the supply of housing are now considered out of date.

Sanctions will remain until the government publishes results showing the councils are back to 75% of its target.  

What is a council local plan? 

Local plans are used to help decide on planning applications and other planning-related decisions. They are the local guide to what can be built where. Shaping infrastructure investments, and determining the future pattern of development.  

How a couple of the councils have reacted –  

Canterbury –  

The canterbury council chief has said, “it cannot be right to punish councils that are working hard to do what the government asks”. He states that the reason they didn’t meet their target is because of the impact of covid-19. 

 There was also an issue with the water quality at Stodmarsh, which prevented the council from granting permission on sites.  

The chief is begging the government not to punish the council for the factors affecting the houses being built at are “out of our control”. 

Gravesham –  

In addition, the government has announced that Gravesham hasn’t met the housing target for the past 3 years. And that they should grant planning permission to new housing unless there is a major reason not to.  

The leader of the Gravesham council has spoken out and said “we find ourselves in an increasingly difficult position, as a result of the government’s housing delivery targets”.  

“While we can grant permission for developments, we do not have the powers to force developers to deliver sites with planning permission. The government figures are based on completed new homes and not on those with planning permission in place”. 

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Architecture & Building

Advantages and disadvantages of coach houses

26th January 20220

What is a coach house?  

A coach house, also known as a carriage house is best described as an outbuilding or a house situated above a row of carports or garages. They were originally built before cars were around and were made to house horse-drawn carriages and the related tack. Although the days of horse and carriages are gone, this is a well sought out property to lease to tenants.  

Current usages –  

Since we don’t use horses and carriages nowadays, here is a list of modern usages:  

  • Apartments 
  • Guest houses 
  • Automobile garages  
  • Offices 
  • Workshops 
  • Retail shops  
  • Bars 
  • Restaurants  
  • Secondary homes 

How popular are coach houses?  

Coach houses aren’t a hugely popular property, but they are becoming more well known. If you’re a property buyer or investor, you may want to consider purchasing a coach house to rent out.  

Advantages and disadvantages of a coach house-  

Advantages  

  • Very affordable  

Coach houses are usually second dwellings, it allows the property owner to live in the main house while renting out the coach house. Because a coach house is attached to its garage, they are often cheaper all around than a property that has a detached garage or carport of the same size.  

  • Don’t live above any neighbours  

A great advantage of living in a coach house is that you don’t live above or below any neighbours. This means that you would never get a noise complaint, and you can be as loud as you like.   

  • Got get a bit of land 

Unlike flats or apartments, coach homes have yet to have some land because they are separate buildings. Having a garden space is important for some tenants to relax and unwind. If you are a landlord you may want to think about installing a garden for the coach house. A garden could be a Wishlist item for some tenants.  

  • Cost effective  

The money spent on taking care of a smaller space is a lot lesser than what’s required for a bigger space. You will spend less money on cooling, heating, and general home maintenance. You also won’t have enough space for unnecessary things when you go shopping.  

Disadvantages –  

  • Poorly insulated  

One of the biggest disadvantages is that they have a bad reputation of being difficult to heat and cool. Before jumping straight into buying the property you should check to see if the garage below is insulated.   

  • Hard to resell  

If your plan it to buy one of these houses and re-sell it you should rethink that idea. It will be far easier to rent out than to fully resell the property. This is due to the demand being lower than family homes, so these properties often sell below value. 

  • They are hard to insure 

They are hard to insure because they are a combination style building. Which makes comprehensive insurance difficult to get or much more expensive.